What you can see here is the last page of Robert Schumann’s C-major Fantasy op. 17 is in the handwriting of the copyist Carl Brückner of Leipzig. The source is located in the Széchényi Library in Budapest. The originally notated measures (beginning with ‘Adagio’ at the top left) that the copyist had written from the (lost) autograph, Schumann himself crossed out while revising and preparing the work for publication. After the passage he then wrote the definitive [endgültig] closing measures that we can only barely identify here. ‘Settling the matter conclusively’ [end-gültig] – for this is also the way it appears in the printed edition that we know Schumann proofread.
Being a standard situation for anyone who deals with composers’ manuscripts and compositional history none of this would be worth further mention. But in this case we are looking at a highly interesting revision. For Schumann had originally drawn on the closing of the first movement of the Fantasy where he cites the Beethoven’s wonderful melody that accompanies the lines from the song cycle “An die ferne Geliebte” op. 98: “Nimm sie hin denn diese Lieder, die ich dir, Geliebte [Clara], sang” (So take them, these songs, that I wrote for you, loved one). We do not know why Schumann crossed out this reminiscence and replaced them with a normal closing. Perhaps he felt that the message of the Beethoven citation wore itself out and was damaged by being repeated, or he thought that the tow-effect of the grand apotheosis of the preceding measures would be weakened by a new, and especially so distinctive musical idea. One could also argue the opposite, namely that he later regarded his – more ingenious – first idea as too risqué, and consequently replaced it – with something more commonplace. Whatever the case may be, philologists must not discuss issues of taste; Schumann crossed out these measures and replaced them. And the question that arises is how we are to deal with such a phenomenon in our editions. For, ever since this autograph surfaced, the closing of the C-major Fantasy op. 17 is being discussed amongst musicians and already there are some recordings and concerts with the “original” closing measures.
Since 1987 G. Henle publishers have actually published exactly this original closing, following the Budapest copy. All issues between 1987 and 2003 additionally included it in small print as a footnote. Since, however, we brought out the re-examined, critically revised edition in 2003, we have again dispensed with this addition; it occurs only in a reference in the editorial notes. Why is that?
In my view, the decision of that time was a mistake. Because of the worldwide circulation and use of our editions, we as editors and publishers have a much higher responsibility in dealing with music texts than do performing musicians. Schumann’s will here is unambiguous. He did not want played the measures superseded in his view. He clearly cancelled them and notated what he wanted. He conscientiously proofread the first edition. This alone is Schumann’s last word. This we must respect. Our idea of a “work” would crumble to dust in the end were we to decide arbitrarily and from case to case at our own discretion what is “better” or “worse”. The floodgates would be open to capriciousness. As much as it is highly interesting for the scholar and interpreter to see how the C-major Fantasy came to be what it is today, an Urtext edition has little to do with the workshop. At most in special cases we can portray in more detail revision stages in the editorial apparatus or in an appendix. But suchlike actually belongs in the apparatus of a complete edition. We do not want to present our customers with preliminary stages, but with the correct text as legitimated by the composer.
Do you have a different opinion? Write us about it!
Regarding Schubert as well similar heatedly discussed phenomena exist; Schubert will be the topic of my next blog.
PS: This is an excerpt from a much more extensive text taken from the ‘Schumann Forum 2010’.
You said “Schumann’s will here is unambiguous”, but I have some different thoughts about that. It’s not the case where other people add what they want to the sheet music arbitrarily. It’s the composer himself had a thought at first, but had a second thought later.
While I agree that a Urtext Editon should respect the composer’s intention, I don’t think that it should respect only the composer’s “final” intention. Take Rachmaninov’s second Piano Sonata for example: Seeing that so many people prefer the 1913 version to the 1931 version, isn’t it impractical to insist that Rachmaninov had removed what he once wrote and issue the 1931 version only?
Dear Cooky Lee: Don’t you agree that a second “version”, also published by the composer (your Rachmaninov example; think also of Brahms op. 8 ) is a different thing from a revised text passage (i.e. crossed out in mansucript) that was never intended to appear in the public (my Schumann example)?
I agree with Mr Seiffert. A different edition is not the same consideration as a revision of a section the public was never intended to hear and see. Apples and oranges. Mr/Ms Lee’s example does not stand.
I am in complete agreement with your argument, and the follow-up comment. I have always felt that the recent trend of including the five “posthumous” variations in the Symphonic Etudes is equally wrong-headed – particularly since we apparently don’t know where Schumann would have placed them in the sequence. In my view he was absolutely correct in deleting them. (However, there are isolated instances in which it seems harder to claim the obvious aesthetic superiority of the revised version, e.g. the ending of No. 5 in Kreisleriana.)
The original ending of the Liszt b minor Sonata is a similar case – it’s inconceivable to me that anyone would argue in favor of it!
There is another stroke of Schumann’s genius in the original ending. Compared to the coda of the first movement, he uses a different harmony.A II7 instead of the V. It gives a wonderful feeling of “farewell”.
I ended up on this blog, after listening to this “original”/“alternative” ending on Instagram, performed to perfection by Yeol Eum Son. Having read through the arguments here AND having heard the alternative ending so beautifully realized, I must sympathize toward preserving the original version AS AN ALTERNATIVE, rather than denying it to the performers as a rejected first draft. As Toma above put it, that II7 instead of the V, really does impart a particular sense of bittersweet “farewell” and LONGING, not to mention an unexpected harmonic surprise, even if some, including Schumann himself, may find it a bit too sentimental. So as a listner, I am GRATEFUL to have heard it. Dare I say: I even PREFER IT.
I am absolutely convinced that a professional edition such as this should include, for the knowledge of the interpreter, the original version. This was rightly done for the Symphonic Studies in the splendid Henle edition. I do not understand why this choice was made by the publishers and not left to the pianists. I believe that its publication in the Critical Comments section would have been the most appropriate choice.
How to get to know it? Could you send it to the email address? Thank you very much